Many Latter-day Saints wonder how and why so many LDS scholars got wrapped up in the M2C fiasco. I've been asked to do a detailed explanation of the intellectual genealogy of M2C. Maybe I'll put it online someday.
By analogy, here's a good explanation of how and why experts overlook the obvious.
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The biggest improvement ever made to the most complex machine in human history came from a guy holding a camera.
Not a propulsion engineer. Not a systems architect. Not anyone on the SpaceX payroll.
A YouTuber named Tim Dodd.
Dodd was touring Starbase when Musk explained how they eliminated the entire cold gas thruster system on the Super Heavy booster.
Instead of a separate mechanism with its own weight and its own failure points, they just vented hot gas straight from the propellant tanks.
Zero added weight. Zero extra parts.
Dodd asked one question.
“But this is only for the booster, right?”
Musk stopped.
Musk: “Although, arguably, now you mentioned it, it might be wise to do this for the ship too. We’re gonna fix that.”
Seven months later, Musk confirmed it was one of the biggest improvements ever made to the vehicle.
That moment should have been impossible.
Thousands of the most brilliant aerospace minds alive work at SpaceX. They designed this system. Reviewed it. Tested it. Shipped it. Defended it in rooms where challenging the architecture has a cost.
None of them asked the question.
Not because they were stupid.
Because they were expert.
We worship expertise. We hire for it. We pay for it. We promote for it.
We have built entire civilizations on the assumption that the person who understands a problem most deeply is the one most qualified to solve it.
But depth is not the same thing as sight.
Expertise is not a straight line toward truth.
It is a circle.
You learn enough to solve the problem.
Then you learn enough to justify the solution.
Then you learn enough to defend the justification.
And eventually you know so much about why things are the way they are that you lose the ability to ask whether they should be.
The SpaceX engineers understood exactly why the cold gas thrusters existed on the ship. Thermal constraints. Attitude control requirements. Heritage design logic.
They had context and history and institutional memory and ten perfectly valid reasons the ship was different from the booster.
Every single one of those reasons was a wall between them and the obvious.
Dodd had none of it. No history telling him the question was already answered. No career incentive to leave the architecture alone. No knowledge of why things were the way they were.
He just had the question.
And the question was right.
The cold gas system on the ship was not a mistake anyone was hiding.
It was a mistake nobody could see.
Because the only way to see it was to know less. Not more.
Now think about your own expertise.
The thing you have built or maintained or defended longer than anyone around you.
The system you understand so deeply that nobody questions your judgment on it anymore.
What is the question nobody around you is asking? Not because it is hard.
Because it is so simple it feels beneath the room.
That question is probably worth more than everything your smartest people have produced this quarter.
And right now it is sitting in the mouth of someone you would never think to invite to the meeting.
The rocket got lighter because someone didn’t know he wasn’t supposed to ask.
Most expertise will spend its entire life making sure no one does.
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